Transaction handling
With respect to database actions, a transaction is a sequence of related actions that are treated as a unit. The actions that make up a transaction are processed in their entirety, or not at all.
A transaction ends with the function commit.transaction() (all changes made during the transaction are stored in the database) or with the function abort.transaction() (no changes are stored in the database). A transaction starts with the first database call after the beginning of a process, or with the first database call after the preceding transaction has ended.
A transaction is automatically rolled back (that is, it is undone) when a process is canceled and if a program ends without a commit.transaction() or abort.transaction() after the last database call.
Certain database actions cannot be placed within a transaction, because they cannot be rolled back. These actions are: db.create.table() and db.drop.table(). These functions can be called only at the start of a program or after the end of the preceding transaction. These functions will not start a new transaction.
You can set a retry point immediately before a transaction. In case of an error, the system returns to this point and re-executes the transaction from there.
A read-only transaction is a transaction in which you are permitted only to read records (without lock) from the database. A read-only transaction starts with the function set.transaction.readonly() (this must be called after ending the preceding transaction or at the beginning of the program) and ends with a commit.transaction() or abort.transaction().
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